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I: A Tutorial1

1: Introduction3

1.1 MUA Versus MTA4

1.2 Why Is sendmail So Complex?4

1.3 Three Important Parts5

1.4 Run sendmail by Hand6

1.5 The Header8

1.6 The Body8

1.7 The Envelope9

1.8 Things to Try10

2: Hava a V813

2.1 Get the Source13

2.2 Read the Documents14

2.3 What s What in src15

上卷15

Perface15

2.4 Preliminaries16

2.5 Build19

2.6 Test It20

2.7 Things to Try21

3: The Roles of sendmail23

3.1 Role in the Filesystem23

3.2 Role in Local Delivery27

3.3 Role in Network Transport29

3.4 Role as a Daemon30

3.5 Thins to Try31

4: How to Run sendmail33

4.1 Become a Mode(-b)34

4.2 Verbose(-v)39

4.3 Debugging(-d)43

4.4 Things to Try44

5: The sendmail.cf File47

5.1 Overview47

5.2 The Minimal File49

5.3 A Quick Tour50

5.4 Things to Try55

6: The Mail Hub and Delivery Agents57

6.2 Define a Mail Delivery Agent59

6.1 The client.cf File59

6.3 The Local Delivery Agent61

6.4 Add the Missing Parts to Mhub66

6.5 Things to Try67

7: Macros69

7.1 Overview69

7.2 Defining Macros71

7.3 Predefined Macros72

7.4 Things to Try75

8.1 A Fictional Network77

8: Addresses and Rules77

8.2 Why Rules?81

8.3 Rule Sets83

8.4 Rules85

8.5 The Workspace86

8.6 The Flow of Addresses Through Rules87

8.7 Wildcard Operators89

8.8 Things to Try94

9: Rule Set O95

9.1 Introducing Rule Set O96

9.2 The RHS Triple96

9.3 Testing Rule Set O99

9.4 The error Delivery Agent100

9.5 Things to Try101

10: Rule Set 3103

10.1 Why Preprocess?104

10.2 Rule Set 3105

10.3 Missing Addresses108

10.4 Nested Angle Brackets109

10.5 Details of Rule Flow111

10.6 Things to Try113

11: Rule Sets 1 and S=115

11.1 Flow of the Sender s Address115

11.2 Rule Set S=116

11.3 All Mail from the Hub117

11.4 Rule Set Hubset117

11.5 Testing So Far120

11.6 Handling user？thishost121

11.7 Rule Set 1123

11.8 Things to Try124

12: Class127

12.1 The Class Command128

12.2 The File Form of Class135

12.3 Things to Try138

13: Setting Options139

13.1 Options: An Overview139

13.2 Required Options140

13.3 Testing the Options146

13.4 Sending Mail147

13.5 Things to Try148

14: Headers,Precedence,and Trust149

14.1 Headers149

14.2 Headers Versus Delivery Agent Flags153

14.3 Headers Learned So Far155

14.4 Precedence156

14.5 Sending Real Mail157

14.6 Trusted User158

14.7 Things to Try159

15: Install and Test the client,cf File161

15.1 Test the Configuration File161

15.2 The Real Queue Directory163

15.3 MX Records164

15.4 Hub Accepts Mail for Client166

15.5 Prevent the Daemon from Running169

15.6 Install the client.cf File170

15.7 Things to Try171

16: The null,mc File and m4173

16.1 The cf/cf Directory173

16.2 The null.mc File174

16.3 Run m4175

16.4 Test the Result176

16.5 Qualify All Addresses?177

16.6 Things to Try178

17: The Hub s Complex Rules179

17.1 Rule Set 3180

17.2 Rule Set 96185

17.3 Rule Set 0187

17.4 Rule Set 4188

17.5 Things to Try189

II: Build and Install191

18: Compile and Install sendmail193

18.1 To Use or Not to Use193

18.2 Vendor Versus Compiling194

18.3 Obtain the Source195

18.4 Tuning Makefile198

18.5 Run Make203

18.6 Install sendmail204

18.7 Pitfalls205

18.8 Alphabetized Reference206

19: V8 m4 Configuration241

19.1 The m4 Preprocessor241

19.2 Build with m4244

19.3 The Minimal mc File246

19.4 m4 Macros by Function251

19.6 Alphabetized m4 Macros256

19.5 Pitfalls256

20:The Checkcompat O Cookbook285

20.1 How checkcompat O Works286

20.2 The Cookbook288

20.3 Alphabetized V8.8 Subroutines297

III: Administration303

21: DNS and sendmail305

21.1 Overview305

21.2 How sendmail Uses DNS309

21.3 Set Up MX Records314

21.4 How to Use nslookup320

21.5 Prepare for Disaster322

21.6 Pitfalls326

22:Security327

22.1 Why root?327

22.2 The Environment329

22.3 SMTP Probes330

22.4 The Configuration File333

22.5 Permissions338

22.6 The Aliases File343

22.7 Forged Mail344

22.8 Security Features347

22.9 Pitfalls355

23: The Queue357

23.1 Overview of the Queue358

23.2 Parts of a Queued Message359

23.3 A Bogus qf File (V8 only):Qf364

23.4 Printing the Queue366

23.5 How the Queue Is Processed369

23.6 Cause the Queue to Be Processed371

23.7 Process Alternate Queue376

23.8 Pitfalls378

23.9 The qf File Internals379

24:Aliases393

24.1 The aliases(5)File393

24.2 Forms of Alias Delivery397

24.3 Write a Delivery Agent Script402

24.4 Special Aliases404

24.5 The Aliases Database408

24.6 Prevent Aliasing with-n411

24.7 Pitfalls413

25: Mailing Lists and～/.forward415

25.1 Internal Mailing Lists415

25.2 :include:Mailing Lists416

25.3 Defining a Mailing List Owner420

25.4 Exploder Mailing Lists421

25.5 Problems with Mailing Lists422

25.6 Packages That Help425

25.7 The User s～/.forward File426

25.8 Pitfalls432

26: Logging and Statistics435

26.1 Logging with syslog435

26.2 Statistics446

26.3 Signaling the Daemon449

26.4 Log Transactions with-X453

26.5 Pitfalls454

IV：Reference457

下卷457

27：Tbe Configuration File459

27.1 Overall Syntax460

27.2 Comments461

27.3 V8 Comments461

27.4 Continuation Lines462

27.5 The V Configuration Command462

27.6 Pitfalls464

28.1 Overview465

28: Rules465

28.2 Tokenizing Rules469

28.3 The Workspace472

28.4 The Behavior of a Rule472

28.5 The LHS473

28.6 The RHS475

28.7 Pitfalls486

29:Rule Sets487

29.1 The S Configuration Command487

29.2 Rule Sets and m4492

29.3 The Sequence of Rule Sets494

29.4 Rule Set 3496

29.5 Rule Set 4500

29.6 Rule Set 0501

29.7 Rule Set 5505

29.8 Rule Set 2506

29.9 Rule Set 1507

29.10 The check-…Rule Sets507

29.11 Pitfalls513

30: Delivery Agents515

30.1 Configuration File Syntax515

30.2 The Symbolic Name516

30.3 m4 Configuration Syntax517

30.4 The Equates519

30.5 Internally Defined Names538

30.6 How Executed542

30.7 Pitfalls544

30.8 Alphabetized F= Flags545

31: Defined Macros569

31.1 Preassigned Macros570

31.2 Command-Line Definitions570

31.3 Configuration File Definitons572

31.4 Macro Names574

31.5 Macro Expansion: $ and $ 576

31.6 Macro Conditionals: ?,$|,and $580

31.7 Categories of Macros581

31.8 Macros with the m4 Technique582

31.9 Pitfalls583

31.10 Alpahabetized Reference584

32: Class Macros609

32.1 Class Configuration Commands609

32.2 Access Class in Rules613

32.3 Class with m4617

32.4 Pitfalls618

32.5 Alphabetized Reference619

33: Database Macros625

33.1 Enable at Compile Time626

33.2 Create Files with makemap627

33.3 The K Configuration Command630

33.4 Use Maps with $(and $)in Rules638

33.5 The User Database642

33.6 Database Maps and m4645

33.7 Pitfalls646

33.8 Alphabetized Reference647

34: Options663

34.1 Command-Line Options664

34.2 Configuration-File Options667

34.3 Configuring with V8 m4 Options668

34.4 Alphabetical Table of All Options671

34.5 Option Argument Types673

34.6 Interrelating Options676

34.7 Pitfalls679

34.8 Alphabetized Reference680

35: Headers773

35.1 The H Configuration Command773

35.2 Header Names775

35.3 Header Field Contents776

35.4 ?flags? in Header Definitions780

35.5 Header Behavior in conf.c781

35.6 Headers by Category784

35.7 Forwarding with Resent-Headers788

35.8 Precedence790

35.9 Pitfalls791

35.10 Alphabetized Reference792

36.1 Alternative argv[0]Names811

36: The Command Line811

36.2 Command-Line Switches815

36.3 List of Recipient Addresses817

36.4 Processing the Command Line817

36.5 sendmail s exitO Status819

36.6 Pitfalls827

36.7 Alphabetized Reference828

37: Debugging With-d845

37.1 The Syntax of-d845

37.3 Interpreting the Output847

37.2 Debugging Behavior847

37.4 Pitfalls850

37.5 Reference in Numerical Order850

38: Rule-Set Testing with-bt949

38.1 Overview949

38.2 Configuration Lines951

38.3 Dump a Macro953

38.4 Show an Item955

38.5 Complex Actions Made Simple957

38.6 Process-Specified Addresses966

38.7 Add Debugging for Detail970

38.8 Batch Rule-Set Testing971

38.9 Pitfalls972

V: Appendixes973

A: The client.cf File975

B: Host Status File Internals977

C: The Berkeley DB Database981

D: Sun Enbancements985

Bibliography991

Index997