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Section Ⅰ Motor Vehicle Basics1

Chapter 1 Introduction of Motor Vehicles1

1.1 Definition of Motor Vehicles1

1.2 Parts and Systems of Motor Vehicles1

1.2.1 Basic Parts and Systems1

1.2.2 Working Equipment3

1.3 Motor Vehicles and Society7

1.3.1 Promoting the Development of Social Economy7

1.3.2 Accelerating the Road Transportation8

1.3.3 Improving the Quality of Life8

1.3.4 Influencing Ecological Environment9

1.3.5 Building Harmony of Motor Vehicles and Society12

Reading Material16

Chapter 2 Classification of Motor Vehicles18

2.1 Functions18

2.1.1 Cars18

2.1.2 Buses20

2.1.3 Off-Road Vehicles21

2.1.4 Trucks21

2.1.5 Truck-Tractors22

2.1.6 Recreational Vehicles22

2.1.7 Racing Cars22

2.1.8 Vehicles for Special Transportation22

2.1.9 Vehicles for Special Work23

2.1.10 Agricultural Vehicles23

2.2 Energy Resources25

2.2.1 Conventional Vehicles25

2.2.2 All-Electric Vehicles25

2.2.3 Hybrid Electric Vehicles26

2.2.4 Fuel Cell Vehicles26

2.3 Body Types26

2.3.1 Sedans26

2.3.2 Hardtops26

2.3.3 Hatchbacks26

2.3.4 Convertibles27

2.3.5 Vans27

2.3.6 Station Wagons27

2.3.7 Sport Utility Vehicles27

2.3.8 Pickup Trucks27

Reading Material29

Section Ⅱ Motor Vehicle Development32

Chapter 3 History of Motor Vehicles32

3.1 History of Foreign Automobiles32

3.1.1 Steam Powered Vehicles32

3.1.2 Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles33

3.2 History of Chinese Automobiles36

3.3 Progress of Motor Vehicles38

Reading Material40

Chapter 4 Future of Motor Vehicles43

4.1 Lightweight Light Weight43

4.1.1 Alloys44

4.1.2 Plastic and Polymers45

4.1.3 Composite Materials47

4.2 Intelligence Smart Vehides51

4.2.1 Safety Technologies51

4.2.2 Automatic Technologies52

4.3 Saving Energy54

4.3.1 Design of Structures54

4.3.2 Diversity for Fuels55

4.4 Green Vehicles56

4.4.1 Alternative Fuel Vehicles56

4.4.2 Electric Vehicles56

4.4.3 Solar Vehicles57

Reading Material59

Section Ⅲ Motor Vehicle Culture61

Chapter 5 Notabilities of Motor Vehicles61

5.1 Nicolaus August Otto61

5.1.1 Otto's First Engine61

5.1.2 Partnership with Langen62

5.1.3 The Four-Stroke Engine62

5.2 Karl Friedrich Benz and Gottlieb Daimler63

5.2.1 Karl Friedrich Benz63

5.2.2 Gottlieb Daimler65

5.3 Henry Ford and William Crapo Durant67

5.3.1 Henry Ford67

5.3.2 William Crapo Durant69

5.4 Kiichiro Toyoda72

5.4.1 The Great Exploration72

5.4.2 The Toyota Motor Corporation72

5.4.3 Toyota Production Systems73

Reading Material75

Chapter 6 Famous Vehicle Industrial Groups76

6.1 Automotive Groups76

6.1.1 European Automotive Groups76

6.1.2 American Automotive Groups81

6.1.3 Asian Automotive Groups83

6.2 Heavy Vehicle Companies89

6.2.1 Caterpillar Corporation89

6.2.2 Terex Corporation90

6.2.3 CNH Industrial Group91

6.2.4 John Deere Company93

6.2.5 Sany Heavy Industries Company94

Reading Material97

Chapter 7 Automotive Fashion99

7.1 Automotive Recreation99

7.1.1 Automobile Clubs99

7.1.2 Cars and Movies100

7.2 Automotive Exhibitions101

7.2.1 Automotive Shows101

7.2.2 Concept Vehicles103

7.3 Automotive Cities105

7.3.1 Detroit105

7.3.2 Toyota City105

7.3.3 Stuttgart106

7.3.4 Turin106

7.3.5 Wolfsburg107

7.3.6 Tokyo107

7.3.7 Paris107

7.3.8 Birmingham108

7.3.9 Rüsselsheim108

7.3.10 Boulogne-Billancourt108

Reading Material111

Section Ⅳ Motor Vehicle Structure113

Chapter 8 Internal Combustion Engines113

8.1 Engine Operation113

8.2 Engine Classifications114

8.2.1 Fuel Type114

8.2.2 Cooling System Types115

8.2.3 Cylinder Arrangements115

8.2.4 Valve Locations115

8.3 Construction of Engines117

8.3.1 The Engine Bottom End117

8.3.2 The Engine Top End119

8.3.3 The Engine Front End122

8.4 Subsystems of Engines124

8.4.1 Fuel Injection Systems124

8.4.2 Ignition Systems126

8.4.3 Starting Systems129

8.4.4 Exhaust Systems131

8.4.5 Cooling Systems134

8.4.6 Lubrication Systems135

Reading Material138

Chapter 9 Drive Trains140

9.1 Clutches140

9.1.1 Functional Description140

9.1.2 Structure and Working Principles140

9.2 Transmissions142

9.2.1 Manual Transmission143

9.2.2 Automatic Gearboxes144

9.3 Transfer Cases146

9.4 Propeller Shafts147

9.5 Drive Axles150

Reading Material152

Chapter 10 Steering Systems154

10.1 Basic Parts of Steering Systems154

10.2 Types of Steering Gears156

Reading Material159

Chapter 11 Suspension Systems161

11.1 Types of Suspension Systems161

11.2 Suspension System Components163

Reading Material167

Chapter 12 Brake Systems169

12.1 Types of Brake Systems169

12.2 Brake System Components170

12.3 Anti-Lock Brake Systems172

12.3.1 Principles of ABS172

12.3.2 Components173

Reading Material176

Chapter 13 Electrical and Electronic Systems178

13.1 Charging Systems178

13.1.1 Alternators178

13.1.2 Voltage Regulators179

13.2 Lishting Systems179

13.2.1 Front Lights179

13.2.2 Rear Lights180

13.2.3 Lateral Lights181

13.2.4 Inside Lights181

13.2.5 Emergency Lights182

13.3 Power Window Systems184

13.4 Cruise Control Systems186

13.4.1 Cruise Control System Functions186

13.4.2 Cruise Control System Control187

13.4.3 Adaptive Cruise Control188

13.5 Antitheft Systems189

Reading Material191

Section Ⅴ Maintenance and Repair192

Chapter 14 Maintenance and Cosmetology192

14.1 Automobile Maintenance192

14.2 Automobile Cosmetology195

Reading Material199

Chapter 15 Diagnosis and Troubleshooting201

15.1 Diagnosis Systems201

15.1.1 Diagnostic Functions201

15.1.2 Fail-Safe Functions203

15.1.3 Back-Up Functions203

15.1.4 Diagnosis of Engines203

15.2 Troubleshooting205

Reading Material207

Section Ⅵ Marketing and Service209

Chapter 16 Auto Marketing209

16.1 How to Become a Great Auto Salesman210

16.1.1 Qualifications Required210

16.1.2 How to Sell Autos211

16.2 Owning an Auto Dealership Franchise213

Reading Material217

Chapter 17 Aftermarket218

17.1 Auto Accessories and Insurance218

17.1.1 Auto Accessories218

17.1.2 Auto Insurance218

17.2 Auto Boutique and Modification221

17.2.1 Auto Boutique221

17.2.2 Auto Tuning222

17.3 Used Cars and Car Rental222

17.3.1 Used Cars222

17.3.2 Car Rental222

Reading Material224

Abbreviations227

References237