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Imperial Palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties11

About the Forbidden city15

A Tour of the Forbidden City22

The Central Route of the Outer Court22

Wumen（Meridian Gate）—the main entrance to the Forbidden City22

Taihemen（Gate of Supreme Harmony）—where Ming emperors heard ministerialreports25

Taihemen Square—a fengshui square27

Taihedian（Hall of Supreme Harmony）a sacred place where emperors conducted grand ceremonies29

Taihedian Sqaure—the largest square in the Forbidden City33

Zhonghedian（Hall of Complete Harmony）—where emperors rested briefly en route to sessions of court35

Baohedian（Hall of Preserving Harmony）—where the Palace Examinations were held during the Qing Dynasty36

The Dragons-and-Clouds Stone Carving—the largest in the Forbidden City39

The Central Route of the Inner Court40

Qianqingmen（Gate of Celestial Purity）—the dividing line between the Outer and Inner Courts of the Forbidden City40

The Council of State—a confidential place in the Forbidden City42

Qianqinggong（Hall of Celestial Purity）—an important administrative office during the Ming and Qing dynasties43

Jiaotaidian（Hall of Celestial and Terrestrial Union）—the site of birthday celebrations for empresses47

Kunninggong（Hall of Terrestrial Tranquility）a Shamanist shrine50

The Imperial Garder—a private retreat for the imperial family53

Qin'andian（Hall of Imperial Peace）—the only religious building on the axis of the Forbidden City55

Jiangxuexuan（Crimson Snow Pavilion）—a nanmu wood structure in the Imperial Garden57

Yangxingzhai（Hall of Temperament Cultivation）—where Puyi studied English58

Famous Pavilions in the Imperial Garden—Wanchun,Fubi,Qianqiu and Chengrui59

Shunzhenmen（Smooth and Pure Gate）—the north entrance of the Imperial Garden61

Shenwumen（Gate of Divine Might）—the rear exit from the Imperial Palace62

The Eastern Route of the Outer Court64

The Target Practice Pavilion—where the imperial family practiced archery in the palace64

The Eastern Route of the Inner Court65

Fengxiandian（Hall of Ancestral Worship）—a palace shrine dedicated to imperial ancestors65

Zhaigong（Hall of Abstinence）—where the emperor practiced rituals of abstinence67

Jingrengong（Hall of Great Benevolence）—the birthplace of Emperor Kangxi68

Yanxigong（Hall of Lasting Happiness）—a crystal palace in the Forbidden City69

Chengqiangong（Hall of Celestial Favor）—the birthplace of Emperor Xianfeng71

Yonghegong（Hall of Eternal Harmony）—the birthplace of Emperor Yongzheng72

Zhongcuigong （Hall of Purity）—where Empress Dowager Ci'an died74

Jingyanggong（Hall of Great Brilliance）—a library in the Forbidden City during the Qing Dynasty75

The Ningshougong（Hall of Tranquil Longevity）Area—built for the retirement of Emperor Qianlong76

Huangjimen（Gate of Imperial Supremacy）—the most beautiful glazed-tile gate in the Forbidden City77

The Nine-Dragon Screen Wall—one of China's three surviving ancient nine-dragon screen walls78

Ningshoumen（Gate of Tranquil Longevity）—the top-status gate in the Inner Court of the Forbidden City79

Huangjidian（Hall of Imperial Supremacy）—a hall second only to the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the architectural hierarchy81

Ningshougong（Hall of Tranquil Longevity）—an important building featuring Manchu customs82

Yangxingdian（Pavilion of Temperament Cultivation）—living quarters for the retired emperor83

Changyinge（Pavilion of Flowing Music）—the biggest theater stage in the Qing court85

Leshoutang （Hall of Joyful Longevity）—Empress Dowager Cixi's living quarters87

Yihexuan（Pavilion of Sustained Harmony）—where Emperor Qianlong read and spent leisure time90

Jingqige（Pavilion of Great Auspiciousness）—where Concubine Zhen was kept confined91

Ningshougong（Hall of Tranquil Longevity）Garden—a fine example of palace gardening93

The Western Route of the Outer Court94

Wuyingdian（Hall of Martial Valor）—where the insurgent leader Li Zicheng proclaimed himself emperor94

Yudetang（Hall of Virtue Cultivation）—the bathhouse of Xiangfei（Fragrant Concubine）96

Xihuamen （West Flowery Gate）—the western entrance of the Forbidden City98

The Western Route of the Inner Court99

Yangxindian（Hall of Mental Cultivation）—the center of supreme power of the Qing Empire99

Yongshougong（Hall of Eternal Longevity）—a residence for empresses and concubines during the Ming and Qing dynasties102

Taijidian（Hall of Supremacy）—a residence for empresses and concubines during the Ming and Qing dynasties104

Yikungong（Hall of the Queen Consort）—where Empress Dowager Cixi's 50th birthday was celebrated105

Changchungong（Hall of the Eternal Spring）—Dowager Cixi's living quarters107

Chuxiugong（Hall of Gathering Elegance）—the birthplace of Emperor Tongzhi108

Xianfugong（Hall of Universal Happiness）—residence of empresses and concu-bines during the Ming and Qing dynasties110

The Palace Walls and Palace Moat112

The Palace Moat—the Forbidden City's first line of defense112

The Palace Walls—the Forbidden City's second line of defense112

The Watch Towers—hybrid tower-non-tower structures113

Permanent Displays of the Palace Museum115

Palace Halls Kept as They Were in the Old Days116

Places for Temporary Thematic Exhibitions116

Opening Hours Admission Transportation116

TheTemple of Heaven117

About the Temple of Heaven120

A Tour of the Temple of Heaven125

Yuanqiutan（Circular Mound Altar）—the altar for emperors to Pray to heaven125

The Heaven's Heart Stone—where the emperor stood while reading the ceremonial message128

The Furnace for Burning Sacrifices129

Huangqiongyu（Imperial Vault of Heaven）—for storing spirit tablets for use during heaven-worshiping ceremonies130

The Triple-Sounding Stones—one of the three acoustic miracles of the Temple of Heaven133

The Echo Wall—a famous acoustic attraction134

The Nine-Dragon Cypress—the oldest cypress in urban Beijing134

Danbi（Red Walkway）Bridge—the path leading to the Heavenly Palace135

Qinianmen（Gate of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest）—the main entrance to the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest136

Qigutan（Altar of Prayer for Grain）—a sacred place where Ming and Qing emperors conducted grand ceremonies for praying for grain137

Qiniandian（Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest）the symbol of the Temple of Heaven138

Huangqiandian（Hall of Zenith）the bedchamber dedicated to the heavenly god143

The 72-Bay Continuous Building—the passage for delivering sacrifices143

The Slaughterhouse—where sacrificial cattle were slaughtered144

The Double-Ring（Longevity）Pavilion—built by Emperor Qianlong for his mother145

The Fasting Palace—a small imperial palace in the Temple of Heaven147

Shenyueshu（Divine Music Administration）—a royal organization for playing ancient music148

Opening Hours Admission Bus Routes152

The Summer Palace153

About the Summer Palace156

A Tour of the Summer Palace163

Court Area163

Donggongmen（East Gate）—the main entrance to the Summer Palace163

Renshoudian（Hall of Benevolence and Longevity）—where emperors attended to administration164

Yulantang（Hall of Jade Ripples）—where Emperor Guangxu was placed under house arrest166

Yiyunguan（Hall of Fragrant Grass）—the residence of Empress Longyu167

Deheyuan（Garden of Virtue and Harmony）—where Empress Dowager Cixi watched performances of Peking Opera169

Leshoutang （Hall of Joyous Longevity）—the residence of Empress Dowager Cixi172

Longevity Kitchens—the private kitchens of Empress Dowager Cixi174

Yongshouzhai（Eternal Longevity Chamber）—the residence of the Imperial Eunuch Li Lianying174

Front-Hill Area176

The Long Corridor—the longest gallery in the world176

Paiyunmen（Gate for Dispelling Clouds）—main gate of the Paiyundian177

Paiyundian（Hall for Dispelling Clouds）—the place for celebrating Empress Dowager Cixi's birthday178

Foxiangge（Pavillon of Buddhist Incense）—the landmark building of the Summer Palace180

Zhihuihai（Sea of Wisdom）—the Buddhist world on the highest point of Longevity Hill182

Baoyunge（Pavilion of Precious Clouds）—a cast bronze religious structure182

Tingliguan（Hall for Listening to Orioles）—a small theater for Empress Dowager Cixi184

Huazhongyou（Strolling through a Scroll Painting）—a group of buildings lined with Chinese landscape paintings185

Zhuanlunzang（Revolving Sutra Repository）—a religious structure where Qing emperors and expresses came to attend religious services and recite sutras186

Kunming Lake Area189

YelüChucai Temple—the Tomb of one of the founding fathers of the Yuan Dynasty189

Zhichunting（Harbinger of Spring Pavilion）—the earliest herald of spring189

Wenchangge（Pavilion of Cultural Prosperity）—a classical city-gate structure190

Bronze Ox—a cultural highlight on the eastern causeway191

Kuoruting（Pavilion of Broad Vistas）—the largest ancient pavilion in China192

17-Arch Bridge—the biggest bridge in the Summer Palace192

Nanhudao（South Lake Islet）the biggest islet in Kunming Lake193

Xiuyiqlao（Wavy Tapestry Bridge）—the Number One Bridge on Kunming Lake194

Xiti（West Causeway）—the green necklace of Kunming Lake195

Jingminglou（Bright Scenery Mansion）—the largest building complex on the West Causeway197

Qingyanfang（Boat of Purity and Ease or Marble Boat）—the largest stone boat in China197

Xingqiao—Open Pavilion Bridge198

Suyunyan（Cloud Entertaining Eaves）—a city-gate structure199

Rear-Hill and Back-Lake Area200

Catur-dvipa（Four Inhabited Continents）—a group of mysterious religious buildings200

Duobao（Multi-Treasure）Glazed Pagoda—the most treasured glazed pagoda in the Qing Dynasty201

Suzhou Street—Business street of the Qing Dynasty203

Xiequyuan（Garden of Harmonious Interests）—the Garden within the Garden204

Opening Hours Admission Bus Routes206

Jingshan Park207

About Jingshan Park210

A Tour of Jingshan Park213

Qiwanglou（Beautiful View Tower）—where the imperial court paid homage to Confucius213

Guanmiaoting（Pavilion of Wonderful Views）—one of the five major pavilions on Jingshan Hill215

Zhoushangting（Pavilion of Surrounding Views）—one of the five major pavilions215

Wanchunting（Everlasting Spring Pavilion）—central pavilion with the best view215

Fulanting（Panoramic View Pavilion）—one of the five major pavilions215

Jifangting（Fragrance Gathering Pavilion）—one of the five major pavilions216

Shouhuangdian（Imperial Longevity Hall）Building Cluster—the hall for paying homage to ancestors216

The spot where Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself217

Opening Hours Admission Bus Routes218

Beihai Park219

About Beihai Park222

A Tour of Beihai Park225

Jade Flowery Islet Scenic Area225

Jade Flowery Islet—the fairy hill on the lake225

Yong'anqiao（Bridge of Eternal Peace）—a pathway to the southern bank226

Yong'ansi（Temple of Eternal Peace）—a place for emperors and empresses to worship227

White Dagoba—the landmark building of Beihai Park229

Qiongdaochunyin（Jade Flowery Islet in Shady Springtime）Tablet—inscriptions by the emperor232

Covered Corridor—a colorful ribbon skirting the northern part of the hill232

Yuegulou（Hall of Ancient Scripts）—a treasure collection of the most famous ancient calligraphic works233

Xianren Chenglupan（Immortal's Plate for Containing Dews）234

Eastern Bank Scenic Area236

Haopujian（Haopu Creek Garden）—a garden within a garden236

Xiancantan（Altar of the Goddess of Silkworms）—where the Empress and concubines offered sacrifices to the Goddess of Silkworms237

Northern Bank Scenic Area238

Jingxinzhai（Peaceful Heart Garden）—a garden within a garden238

Xitianfanjing（Hall of Western Paradise）240

Dacizhenrudian（Hall of Great Mercy and the True and Genuine Suchness）—the main hall of the Hall of Heavenly Kings241

The Iron Screen Wall—a legacy of the Yuan Dynasty241

Chengguantang（Hall of Clear Vision）—where eunuchs stood on duty during the Ming Dynasty243

The Hall of Quick Snowfall243

Nine-Dragon Screen Wall246

Five Dragon Pavilions—structures on water247

Chanfusi（Temple for Bestowing Blessings）248

Fangdian（Square Hall）—China's largest extant wooden pavilion-style structure249

Round City Area251

Tuancheng（Round City）—an imperial garden raised high251

Chengguangdian（Hall for Receiving Light）—the main structure of the Round City252

White Jade Buddha—the biggest jade Buddha image in Beijing252

White Robe General—shady place of cool254

Opening Hours Admission Bus Routes254

Yuanmingyuan Garden255

About Yuanmingyuan Garden258

A Tour of the Yuanmingyuan264

Jianbiting（Pavilion in a Blue Mirror）264

Bieyoudongtian （Palace of Unique Beauty）264

Jiexiushanfang（Enchanting View Cottage）265

Pengdaoyaotai（immortal Abode on Penglai Island）265

Haiyuekaijin（Sea of Magnanimity）266

Hanjingtang（Scripture-Conservation Hall）266

Shizilin（Lion Forest Garden）268

Xiyanglou（European-style Palaces）—the Versailles of China268

Xieqiqu（Harmonious Wonder）—a European-style fountain269

Huanghuazhen（Labyrinth）—a European-style maze271

Fangwaiguan（Belvedere）—a place for the religious observances of the Uygur concubine272

Haiyantang（Hall of National Peace）—the biggest European-style garden272

Yuanyingguan（Immense Ocean Observatory）—the most magnificent European-style scenic spot273

Guanshuifa（Throne for Viewing the Waterworks）276

Opening Hours Admission Bus Routes276

Yonghegong Lama Temple279

About Yonghegong Lama Temple282

A Tour of Yonghegong287

Archway group and screen wall—a group of structures at the southern extremity of the Yonghegong287

Zhaotaimen（Gate of Radiance and Peace）—the main gate of the Yonghegong288

Yonghemen（Gate of Harmony and Peace）—the first major hall of Yonghegong288

Giant Bronze Ding—one of the three rarities of Beijing290

Imperial Stele Pavilion—inscribed in four languages292

Bronze Mount Sumeru—a rare artwork292

Daxiongbaodian（Mahavira Hall）—the main hall of Yonghegong294

Yongyoudian（Hall of Everlasting Protection）—where the coffin of deceased Emperor Yongzheng was placed296

Falundian（Hall of the Wheel of the Law）—a place for reading scriptures and conducting religious services298

Sandalwood 500-Arhats Hill—one of the three rarities of Yonghegong300

Life Story of Sakyamuni—a large mural300

Wanfuge（Pavilion of 10 Thousand Happinesses）—the tallest structure in Yonghegong300

Sandalwood Giant Buddha—one of the three rarities of Yonghegong302

Opening Hours Admission Bus Routes302

Appendix：Emperors of the Ming Dynasty＆Emperors of the Qing Dynasty303